Located in the eastern part of Jinan, Zhangqiu district features a terrain that transitions from mountains to hills to plains, sloping from south to north. The Yellow River flows through the district's northern border. Zhangqiu district has a warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, characterized by distinct seasons and concurrent rain and heat.

Most areas in Zhangqiu district belong to the Xiaoqing River system, while a few mountainous areas in the southeast belong to the Dawen River system. The district is traversed by major rivers such as the Yellow River, Xiaoqing River, Xiujiang River, East and West Balou River, Tahe River, and Juye River.

Zhangqiu district is home to numerous attractions, including Baiyun Lake Park Scenic Area, Wild World Jinan, Jinan Botanical Garden, and more.

The district has many historic monuments and sites, including the Chengziya Site, the Great Wall of Ancient Qi State Site, and others.

It achieved a regional GDP of 116.51 billion yuan ($16.21 billion) in 2023, with an increase of 6.1 percent over the previous year.